Recent Publications (last 5 years)

Bobby Cherayil, MD

1. Srikanth CV, Cherayil BJ. Intestinal innate immunity and the pathogenesis of Salmonella enteritis. Immunol. Res. 2007; 37: 61-77.

2. Harrington L, Srikanth CV, Antony R, Shi HN, Cherayil BJ. A role for natural killer cells in intestinal inflammation caused by infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 2007; 51: 372-380.

3. Weng M, Huntley D, Huang IF, Foye-Jackson O, Wang L, Sarkissian A, Zhou Q, Walker WA, Cherayil BJ, Shi HN. Alternatively activated macrophages in intestinal helminth infection: effects on concurrent bacterial colitis. J. Immunol. 2007; 179: 4721-4731.

4. Harrington L, Srikanth CV, Antony R, Rhee SJ, Mellor AL, Shi HN, Cherayil BJ. Deficiency of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enhances commensal-induced antibody responses and protects against Citrobacter colitis. Infect. Immun. 2008; 76: 3045-3053.

5. Wang L, Johnson EE, Shi HN, Walker WA, Wessling-Resnick M, Cherayil BJ. Attenuated inflammatory responses in hemochromatosis reveal a role for iron in the regulation of macrophage cytokine translation. J. Immunol. 2008; 181: 2723-2731.

6. Wang L, Cherayil BJ. Ironing out the wrinkles in host defense: interactions between iron homeostasis and innate immunity. J. Innate Immun. 2009; 1: 455-464.

7. Wang L, Harrington L, Trebicka E, Shi HN, Kagan JC, Hong CC, Lin HY, Babitt JL, Cherayil BJ. Selective modulation of TLR4-activated inflammatory responses by altered iron homeostasis. J. Clin. Invest. 2009; 119: 3322-3328.

8. Cherayil BJ. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in intestinal immunity and inflammation. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 2009; 15: 1391-1396.

9. Johnson EE, Srikanth CV, Sandgren A, Harrington L, Trebicka E, Wang L, Borregaard N, Murray M, Cherayil BJ. Siderocalin inhbits the intracellular replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 2010; 58: 138-145.

10. Charrier GM, Ip WK, Dejardin S, Boyer L, Sokolovska A, Cappillino M, Cherayil BJ, Podolsky D, Kobayashi K, Silverman N, Lacy-Hulbert A, Stuart LM. Identification of Drosophila Yin and PEPT2 as evolutionarily conserved phagosome-associated muramyl dipeptide transporters. J. Biol. Chem. 2010; 285: 20147-20154.

11. Cherayil BJ. Cross-talk between iron homeostasis and intestinal inflammation. Gut Microbes 2010; 1: 65- 69.

12. Johnson EE, Sandgren A, Cherayil BJ, Murray M, Wessling-Resnick M. The role of ferroportin in macrophage-mediated immunity. Infect. Immun. 2010; 78: 5099-5106.

13. Cherayil BJ. Iron and immunity: immunological consequences of iron deficiency and overload. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.) 2010; 58: 407-415.

14. Wang L, Trebicka E, Fu Y, Waggoner L, Akira S, Fitzgerald KA, Kagan JC, Cherayil BJ. Regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced translation of tumor necrosis factor a by the Toll-like receptor 4 adaptor protein TRAM. J. Innate Immun. 2011; 3: 437-446.

15. Cherayil BJ. The role of iron in the immune response to bacterial infection. Immunol. Res. 2011; 50: 1-9.

16. Cherayil BJ, Ellenbogen S, Shanmugam NN. Iron and intestinal immunity. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 2011; 27: 523-528.

17. Wang L, Trebicka E, Fu Y, Ellenbogen S, Hong CC, Babitt JL, Lin HY, Cherayil BJ. The bone morphogenetic protein-hepcidin axis as a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 2012; 18: 112-119.

18. Shanmugam NKN, Ellenbogen S, Trebicka E, Wang L, Mukhopadhyay S, Gallini CA, Garrett WS, Lacy Hulbert A, Cherayil BJ. TNFa inhibits expression of the iron regulating hormone hepcidin in murine models of innate colitis. PLoS One 2012; 7: e38136.

19. Su C, Cao Y, Zhang M, Kaplan J, Su L, Fu Y, Walker WAW, Xavier R, Cherayil BJ, Shi HN. Helminth infection impairs autophagy-mediated killing of bacterial enteropathogens by macrophages. J. Immunol. 2012; 189: 1459-1466.

Verena Göbel, MD

1.Göbel V, Barrett PL, Hall DH, Fleming JT. Lumen morphogenesis in C. elegans requires the membrane-cytoskeleton linker erm-1. Dev Cell 2004; 6: 865-873.

2. Barrett PL, Fleming JT, Göbel V. Targeted gene alteration in Caenorhabditis elegans by gene conversion. Nat Genetics 2004; 36: 1231-1237.

3. Zhang H, Abraham N, Khan LA, Hall DH, Fleming JT, Göbel V. Apicobasal domain identities of expanding tubular membranes depend on glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. Nat Cell Bio 2011; 13(10): 1189 - 1201.

4. Zhang H, Kim A, Abraham N, Khan LA, Hall DH, Fleming JT, Göbel V. Clathrin and AP-1 mediate apicobasal polarity and lumen formation in C. elegans tubulogenesis. Development 2012; 139: 2071-2083.

5. Khan LA, Zhang H, Abraham N, Sun L, Fleming JT, Buechner M, Hall DH, Göbel V. ERM-1/ezrin-radixin-moesin extends unicellular tube lumens by apical membrane expansion and AQP-8/Aquaporin-mediated flux. Nat Cell Bio 2012, in press.

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Bryan P. Hurley, PhD

1. Köhler, H., Sakaguchi1, T., Hurley, B.P., Kase, B.A., Reinecker, H.C., McCormick, B.A. Salmonella regulates intercellular junction proteins and facilitates transepithelial neutrophil and bacterial passage. Am J Physiol Gastro. and Liver Physiol. 2007; 293(1):G178-87. PMID: 17615177

2. Hurley, B.P. and McCormick, B.A.. Multiple Roles of Phospholipase A2 during Lung Infection and Inflammation. Infect. Immun. 2008; 76(6):2259-2272. PMID: 18411286
3. Hurley, B.P., Sin, A., McCormick, B.A.. Adhesion Molecules Involved in Hepoxilin A3 Mediated PMN Trans-epithelial Migration. Clin. and Exp. Immuno. 2008; 151(2):297-305. PMID: 18005361

4. Mumy, K.L., Bien, J.D., Pazos, M.A., Gronert, K., Hurley, B.P., McCormick, B.A. Distinct Isoforms of Phospholipase A2 mediate the ability of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and Shigella flexneri to induce the transepithelial migration of neutrophils. Infect. Immun. 2008; 76(8):3614-27. PMID: 18505810

5. Hurley, B.P., Goodman, A.L., Murphy, P., Lory, S., McCormick, B.A.. The Two-Component Sensor Response Regulator RoxR / RoxS Plays a Role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Interactions with Airway Epithelial Cells. Microbes & Infection. 2010; 12(3):190-8. PMID: 19961952

6. Hurley, B.P., Pirzai, W., Mumy, K.L., Gronert, K., McCormick B.A.. Selective Eicosanoid Generating Capacity of Cytoplasmic Phospholipase A2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infected Epithelial Cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2011; 300(2):L286-94. PMID: 21097525

7. Tamang, D.L., Pirzai, W., Priebe G.P., Traficante D.C., Pier, G.B., Falck, J. R., Morisseau, C., Hammock, B.D., McCormick, B.A., Gronert, K., Hurley B.P.. Hepoxilin A3 Facilitates Neutrophilic Breach of Lipoxygenase-expressing Airway Epithelial Barriers. J Immunol. 2012; In press. PMID:23045615

Beth McCormick, PhD

1. Kohler, H, Sakaguchi, T., Hurley, BP, Kase, BJ, Reinecker, HC, McCormick, BA. Salmonella enterica serovarTyphimuriumregulates intercellular junction proteins and facilitates transepithelial neutrophil and bacterial passage. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2007; 293:G178-187.

2. Prunier, AL., Schuch, R., Fernandez, RE, Mumy, K., Kohler, H., McCormick, BA, Maurelli, AT. nadA and nadB of Shigella flexneri 5a are anti-virulence loci responsible for the synthesis of quinolinate, a small molecule inhibitor of Shigella pathogenicity. Microbiology 2007; 153: 3513-3518.

3. Wall, D.M, Nadeau, W.J., Pazos, M.A., Shi, H.N., Galyov, E.E., McCormick, B.A. 2007. Identification of the Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium SipA domain responsible for inducing neutrophil recruitment across the intestinal epithelium. Cell. Microbiol. 2007; 9: 2299-2313.

4. Hurley, B.P., Sin, A., and McCormick, B.A. Adhesion molecules involved in hepoxilin A3 mediated PMN transepithelial migration. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2008; 151: 297-305.

5. Zurawski, D.V., Mumy, K.L., Badea, L., Prentice, J.A., Hartland, E.L., McCormick, B.A., Maurelli, A.T. NleE/OspZ family of effector proteins is required for PMN transepithelial migration, a characteristic shared by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri infections. Infect. Immun. 2008;  76: 369-379.

6. Mumy, K.L., Chen, X., Kelly, C.P., McCormick, B.A. Saccharomyces boulardii interferes with Shigella pathogenesis by post-invasion signaling events. Am. J. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2008; 294: G599-609.

7. Hurley, B.P. and McCormick, B.A. (2008) Multiple roles of phospholipase A2            during lung infection and inflammation. Infect. Immun. 76;2259-2272.

8. Canny, G.O. and McCormick, B.A. (2008) Bacteria in the intestine, a helpful resident or an enemy from within? Infect. Immun. 76; 3360-

9. Srikanth, C.V. and McCormick, B.A. (2008) Interactions of the intestinal epithelium with the pathogen and the indigenous microbiota: A three way crosstalk. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases. 626827.

10. McCormick, B.A. Using Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium to model           intestinal fibrosis. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:872-875.

11. Siccardi, D, Mumy KL, Wall, DM, Bien, JD, McCormick. Salmonella enterica             serovar Typhimurium modulates P-glycoprotein in the intestinal epithelium. Am. J. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2008; 294:G1392-1340.

12. Mumy, K.L., Bien J.D., Pazos, M., Gronert, K., Hurley, B.P., McCormick, B.A.            Distinct isoforms of phopholipase A2 mediate the ability of Salmonella enterica   serotype Typhimurium and Shigella flexneri to induce the transepithelial migration of neutrophils. Infect. Immun. 2008; 76:3360-3373.

13. Pazos, M., Siccardi, D., Mumy, K.L., Bien, J.D., Louie, S., Shi, H.N., Gronert, K.,       Mrsny, R.J., McCormick, B.A. Multi-drug resistance transporter 2 regulates mucosal inflammation by facilitating the synthesis of hepoxillin A3. J. Immunol. 2008; 181:8044-8052.

14. Fukazawa, A., Alonso, C., Kurachi, K., Gupta, S., Lesser, C., McCormick, B.A.,      Reinecker, H.S. GEF-H1 dependent NF-kB activation in the recognition of Shigella effectors by NOD1. Plos Pathog. 2009; 4:e1000228.

15. Zurawski, D.V., Mumy, K.L., Faherty, C.S., McCormick, B.A., Maurelli, A.T. Shigella flexneri T3SS effectors OspB and OspF target the nucleus to down- regulate the host inflammatory response via interactions with retinoblastoma protein. Mol. Microbiol. 2009; 71:350-368.

16. Figueiredo, J, Lawhon, S.D., Gokulan, K., Khare, S., Raffatellu, M., Tsolis, R.M.,      Baumler, A.J., McCormick, B.A. Adams, L.G. Salmonella enterica Typhimurium    SipA induces CXC-chemokine expression through p38MAPK and JUN pathways. Microbes Infect. 2009: 11:302-310.

17. Mumy KL and McCormick BA. (2009) The role of neutrophils in the event of            intestinal inflammation. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 9:697-701.

18. Mercado-Lubo R and McCormick BA. A unique subset of Peyer's patches express lysozyme. Gastroenterology. 2010: 138:36-39.

19. Hurley B.P., Goodman, A.L., Mumy, K.L., Murphy, P., Lory, S., McCormick,   B.A. The two-component sensor response regulator RoxS / RoxR  plays a role in           Pseudomonas aeruginosa interactions with airway epithelial cells. Microbes Infect. 2010;12:190-198.

20. Srikanth, C.V., Wall, D.M., Maldanado-Contreras, A., Shi, H, Mumy, K.L., and            McCormick, B.A. Salmonella pathogenesis and processing of secreted effectors by caspase-3. Science 2010; 330(6002):390-393.

21. Mercado-Lubo, R and McCormick, BA (2010) Regulation of Host ABC transporters by enteric pathogens: Role in health and disease. Gut Microbes

22. McCormick, BA. Adhesion Molecules and Neutrophil Migration. In Preedy, V.R. ed. Adhesion Molecules: Modern Insights into Disease from Molecules to Man, Science Publishers CRC Press, 2010:133-146.

23. Andrews-Polymenis, H.L., Baumler, A.J., McCormick, B.A., Fang, F.C. (2010) Taming the elephant: Salmonella Biology, Pathogenesis and Prevention. Infect. Immun. 78:2356-69.

24. Wall, D.M., Srikanth, C.V., McCormick, B.A. Targeting tumors with Salmonela           Typhimurium – Potential for Therapy. (2010) OncoTarget 8:721-728.

25. Hurley, B.P., Pirzai, W., Mumy, K.L., Gronert, K., and McCormick, B.A.  Selective     eicosanoid generating capacity of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected epithelial cells.  Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol.  2011; 300:L286-294

26. McCormick, BA. Shigella gets captured to gain entry. Cell Host Microbe. 2011; 9:449-450.

27.  Agbor, TA, Demma, ZC, Mumy, KL, Bien, JD, McCormick, BA. The ERM protein, Ezrin, regulates neutrophil transmigration by modulating the apical location of MRP2 in response to the SipA effector protein during Salmonella typhimurium infection. Cell Microbiol. 2011; 12:2007-2021.

28. Hallstrom, K. and McCormick, BA. Salmonella interaction with and passage through the intestinal mucosa: through the lens of the organism (2011) Front Microbiol. 2:88

29. Agbor, T. and McCormick, BA. Salmonella effectors: Important players modulating host cell function. Cell Microbiol. (2011) 12: 1858-1869

30. Maldonado-Contreras, AL, and McCormick, BA. Intestinal epithelial cells and           their role in innate mucosal immunity. (2011) Cell Tissue Res. 343:5-12.

31. McCormick, B.A. and DiRita, V. Invasive and Tissue-damaging Enteric Bacterial      Pathogens: Bloody Diarrhea and Dysentery. In Engleberg, C., Dermody, T, and DiRita, V. eds. 5th edition of Schaechter’s Mechanisms of Microbial Disease. Lippinscott Williams and Wilkins Publishers, 2011

32. Srikanth, CV., Mercado-Lubo, R., Hallstrom, K., McCormick, BA. Salmonella effector proteins and host cell responses. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (2011) 69:3687-3697.

33. Boll, EJ, Struve, C., Sander, A., Demma, Z., Krogfelt, KA, and McCormick, BA. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli promotes transepithelial migration of neutrophils through a conserved 12-lipoxygenase pathway. Cell Microbiol. 2012; 14:120-132.

34. Boll, EJ., Struve, C., Sander, A., Demma, Z., Nataro, JP., McCormick, BA., Krogfelt, KA. The fimbriae of Enteroaggregative E.coli trigger epithelial inflammation in a mouse model of human intestinal xenografts. Journal of Infectious Disease (In Press)

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Hans-Christian Reinecker, MD

1. Reinecker HC, Steffen M, Doehn C, Petersen J, Pfluger I, Voss A, Raedler A. Proinflammatory cytokines in intestinal mucosa. Immunol Res 1991;10:247-8. Ê

2. Reinecker HC, Steffen M, Witthoeft T, Pflueger I, Schreiber S, MacDermott RP, Raedler A. Enhanced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1 beta by isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1993;94:174-81. Ê

3. Steffen M, Reinecker HC, Petersen J, Doehn C, Pfluger I, Voss A, Raedler A. Differences in cytokine secretion by intestinal mononuclear cells, peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages from HIV-infected patients. Clin Exp Immunol 1993;91:30-6. Ê

4. Reinecker HC, Loh EY, Ringler DJ, Mehta A, Rombeau JL, MacDermott RP. Monocyte-chemoattractant protein 1 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells and inflammatory bowel disease mucosa. Gastroenterology 1995;108:40-50. Ê

5. Reinecker HC, Podolsky DK. Human intestinal epithelial cells express functional cytokine receptors sharing the common gamma c chain of the interleukin 2 receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:8353-7. Ê

6. Reinecker HC, MacDermott RP, Mirau S, Dignass A, Podolsky DK. Intestinal epithelial cells both express and respond to interleukin 15. Gastroenterology 1996;111:1706-13. Ê

7. Rosenberg IM, Goke M, Kanai M, Reinecker HC, Podolsky DK. Epithelial cell kinase-B61: an autocrine loop modulating intestinal epithelial migration and barrier function. Am J Physiol 1997;273:G824-32. Ê

8. MacDermott RP, Sanderson IR, Reinecker HC. The central role of chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) in the immunopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 1998;4:54-67. Ê

9. Meijssen MA, Brandwein SL, Reinecker HC, Bhan AK, Podolsky DK. Alteration of gene expression by intestinal epithelial cells precedes colitis in interleukin-2-deficient mice. Am J Physiol 1998;274:G472-9. Ê

10. Awane M, Andres PG, Li DJ, Reinecker HC. NF-kappa B-inducing kinase is a common mediator of IL-17-, TNF-alpha-, and IL-1 beta-induced chemokine promoter activation in intestinal epithelial cells. J Immunol 1999;162:5337-44. Ê

11. Andres PG, Beck PL, Mizoguchi E, Mizoguchi A, Bhan AK, Dawson T, Kuziel WA, Maeda N, MacDermott RP, Podolsky DK, Reinecker HC. Mice with a selective deletion of the CC chemokine receptors 5 or 2 are protected from dextran sodium sulfate-mediated colitis: lack of CC chemokine receptor 5 expression results in a NK1.1+ lymphocyte-associated Th2-type immune response in the intestine. J Immunol 2000;164:6303-12. Ê

12. Cario E, Rosenberg IM, Brandwein SL, Beck PL, Reinecker HC, Podolsky DK. Lipopolysaccharide activates distinct signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cell lines expressing Toll-like receptors. J Immunol 2000;164:966-72. Ê

13. Kinugasa T, Sakaguchi T, Gu X, Reinecker HC. Claudins regulate the intestinal barrier in response to immune mediators. Gastroenterology 2000;118:1001-11. Ê

14. Muehlhoefer A, Saubermann LJ, Gu X, Luedtke-Heckenkamp K, Xavier R, Blumberg RS, Podolsky DK, MacDermott RP, Reinecker HC. Fractalkine is an epithelial and endothelial cell-derived chemoattractant for intraepithelial lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa. J Immunol 2000;164:3368-76. Ê

15. Nishiyama R, Sakaguchi T, Kinugasa T, Gu X, MacDermott RP, Podolsky DK, Reinecker HC. Interleukin-2 receptor beta subunit-dependent and -independent regulation of intestinal epithelial tight junctions. J Biol Chem 2001;276:35571-80. Ê

16. Sakaguchi T, Brand S, Reinecker HC. Mucosal barrier and immune mediators. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2001;17:573-7. Ê

17. Brand S, Sakaguchi T, Gu X, Colgan SP, Reinecker HC. Fractalkine-mediated signals regulate cell-survival and immune-modulatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 2002;122:166-77. Ê

18. Sakaguchi T, Gu X, Golden HM, Suh E, Rhoads DB, Reinecker HC. Cloning of the human claudin-2 5'-flanking region revealed a TATA-less promoter with conserved binding sites in mouse and human for caudal-related homeodomain proteins and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha. J Biol Chem 2002;277:21361-70. Ê

19. Sakaguchi T, Kohler H, Gu X, McCormick BA, Reinecker HC. Shigella flexneri regulates tight junction-associated proteins in human intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2002;4:367-81. Ê

20. Hisamatsu T, Suzuki M, Reinecker HC, Nadeau WJ, McCormick BA, Podolsky DK. CARD15/NOD2 functions as an antibacterial factor in human intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 2003;124:993-1000. Ê

21. Mizoguchi E, Xavier RJ, Reinecker HC, Uchino H, Bhan AK, Podolsky DK, Mizoguchi A. Colonic epithelial functional phenotype varies with type and phase of experimental colitis. Gastroenterology 2003;125:148-61. Ê

22. Loser K, Mehling A, Apelt J, Stander S, Andres PG, Reinecker HC, Eing BR, Skryabin BV
, Varga G, Schwarz T, Beissert S. Enhanced contact hypersensitivity and antiviral immune responses in vivo by keratinocyte-targeted overexpression of IL-15. Eur J Immunol 2004;34:2022-31. Ê

23. Barnich N, Aguirre JE, Reinecker HC, Xavier R, Podolsky DK. Membrane recruitment of NOD2 in intestinal epithelial cells is essential for nuclear factor-{kappa}B activation in muramyl dipeptide recognition. J Cell Biol 2005;170:21-6. Ê

24. Barnich N, Hisamatsu T, Aguirre JE, Xavier R, Reinecker HC, Podolsky DK. GRIM-19 interacts with nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 and serves as downstream effector of anti-bacterial function in intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2005;280:19021-6. Ê

25. Niess JH, Brand S, Gu X, Landsman L, Jung S, McCormick BA, Vyas JM, Boes M, Ploegh HL, Fox JG, Littman DR, Reinecker HC. CX3CR1-mediated dendritic cell access to the intestinal lumen and bacterial clearance. Science 2005;307:254-8. Ê

26. Niess JH, Reinecker HC. Lamina propria dendritic cells in the physiology and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2005;21:687-91. Ê

27. Niess JH, Reinecker HC. Dendritic cells: the commanders-in-chief of mucosal immune defenses. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2006;22:354-60. Ê

28. Niess JH, Reinecker HC. Dendritic cells in the recognition of intestinal microbiota. Cell Microbiol 2006;8:558-64. Ê

29. Salazar-Gonzalez RM, Niess JH, Zammit DJ, Ravindran R, Srinivasan A, Maxwell JR, Stoklasek T, Yadav R, Williams IR, Gu X, McCormick BA, Pazos MA, Vella AT, Lefrancois L, Reinecker HC, McSorley SJ. CCR6-mediated dendritic cell activation of pathogen-specific T cells in Peyer's patches. Immunity 2006;24:623-32. Ê

30. Higashi Y, Suzuki S, Sakaguchi T, Nakamura T, Baba S, Reinecker HC, Nakamura S, Konno H. Loss of claudin-1 expression correlates with malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Surg Res 2007;139:68-76. Ê

31. Kohler H, Sakaguchi T, Hurley BP, Kase BA, Reinecker HC, McCormick BA. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium regulates intercellular junction proteins and facilitates transepithelial neutrophil and bacterial passage. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007;293:G178-87. Ê

32. Fukazawa A, Alonso C, Kurachi K, Gupta S, Lesser CF, McCormick BA, Reinecker HC. GEF-H1 mediated control of NOD1 dependent NF-kappaB activation by Shigella effectors. PLoS Pathog 2008;4:e1000228. Ê

33. Seiderer J, Dambacher J, Leistner D, Tillack C, Glas J, Niess JH, Pfennig S, Jurgens M, Muller-Myhsok B, Goke B, Ochsenkuhn T, Lohse P, Reinecker HC, Brand S. Genotype-phenotype analysis of the CXCL16 p.Ala181Val polymorphism in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Immunol 2008;127:49-55. Ê

34. Matharu KS, Mizoguchi E, Cotoner CA, Nguyen DD, Mingle B, Iweala OI, McBee ME, Stefka AT, Prioult G, Haigis KM, Bhan AK, Snapper SB, Murakami H, Schauer DB, Reinecker HC, Mizoguchi A, Nagler CR. Toll-like receptor 4-mediated regulation of spontaneous Helicobacter-dependent colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. Gastroenterology 2009;137:1380-90 e1-3. Ê

35. Ramasamy S, Nguyen DD, Eston MA, Nasrin Alam S, Moss AK, Ebrahimi F, Biswas B, Mostafa G, Chen KT, Kaliannan K, Yammine H, Narisawa S, Millan JL, Warren HS, Hohmann EL, Mizoguchi E, Reinecker HC, Bhan AK, Snapper SB, Malo MS, Hodin RA. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase has beneficial effects in mouse models of chronic colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010. Ê

36. Diegelmann J, Seiderer J, Niess JH, Haller D, Goke B, Reinecker HC, Brand S. Expression and regulation of the chemokine CXCL16 in Crohn's disease and models of intestinal inflammation.ÊInflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 May 10. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20848509 Ê

37. Hang L, Setiawan T, Blum AM, Urban J, Stoyanoff K, Arihiro S, Reinecker HC, Weinstock JV. Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection can inhibit colitis through direct interaction with innate immunity.Ê J Immunol. 2010 Sep 15;185(6):3184-9. Epub 2010 Aug 11. PMID:20702728 [Pubmed - in process] Ê

38. Berger SB, Romero X, Ma C, Wang G, Faubion WA, Liao G, Compeer E, Keszei M, Rameh L, Wang N, Boes M, Regueiro JR, Reinecker HC, Terhorst C. SLAM is a microbial sensor that regulates bacterial phagosome functions in macrophages.ÊNat Immunol. 2010 Oct;11(10):920-7. PMID:20818396 [PubMed - in process] Ê

39. Sidhu M, Alonso Cotoner C, Guleng B, Arihiro S, Chang S, Duncan K W, Ajami AM, Chau M, Reinecker HC. Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Intestinal Inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011, accepted for Publication. Ê

40. Da Silva N, Cortez-Retamozo V, Reinecker HC, Wildgruber M, Hill E, Brown D, Swirski F, Pittet M, Breton S. A dense network of dendritic cells populates the murine epididymis.Ê Reproduction. 2011 Feb 10. [Epub ahead of print] Ê

41. Wang S, Villablanca EJ, De Calisto J, Gomes DC, Nguyen DD, Mizoguchi E, Kagan JC, Reinecker HC, Hacohen N, Nagler C, Xavier RJ, Rossi-Bergmann B, Chen YB, Blomhoff R, Snapper SB, Mora JR. MyD88-Dependent TLR1/2 Signals Educate Dendritic Cells with Gut-Specific Imprinting Properties. J Immunol. 2011 Jul 1;187(1):141-50. Epub 2011 Jun 6. Ê

42. Yun Zhao, Carmen Alonso 2, Isabel Ballester Ph.D, Joo Hye Song, Sun Young Chang, Bayasi Guleng, Seiji Arihiro, Peter J. Murray, Ramnik Xavier, Koichi S. Kobayashi and Reinecker HC. Control of NOD2- and Rip2-Dependent Innate Immune Activation by GEF-H1. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 accepted for publication. Ê

43. Nagatani K, Wang S, Llado V, Lau CW, Li Z, Mizoguchi A, Nagler CR, Shibata Y, Reinecker HC, Mora JR, Mizoguchi E. Chitin microparticles for the control of intestinal inflammation.Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012

Hai Ning Shi, DVM, PhD

1. Wall, D.M, Nadeau, W.J, Pazos, M.A, Shi, H.N, Galyov, E.E, McCormick, B.A. Identification of the Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium SipA domain responsible for inducing neutrophil recruitment across the intestinal epithelium. Cellular Microbiology. 2007. 9(9): 2299-2313.

2. Hai Ning Shi and W. Allan Walker. The role of TIM-4 in food allergy. Gastroenterology. 2007. 133: 1723-1726.

3. Harrington, Lynne; Srikanth, Chittur; Antony, Reuben; Shi, Hai Ning; Cherayil, Bobby. A role for natural killer cells in intestinal inflammation caused by infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. FEMS Immunol Med. Microbiol. 2007. 51: 372–380

4. Annaiah Cariappa, Cristian Boboila, Stewart T. Moran, Haoyuan Liu, Hai Ning Shi, and Shiv Pillai. The Recirculating B Cell Pool Contains Two Functionally Distinct, Long-Lived, Posttransitional, Follicular B Cell Populations. The Journal of Immunology. 2007. 179(4): 2270-2281.

5. Meiqian Weng, Deke Huntley, I-Fei Huang, Ondulla Foye-Jackson, Lijian Wang, Aliese Sarkissian, Qingping Zhou, W. Allan Walker, Bobby J. Cherayil and Hai Ning Shi. Alternatively activated macrophages in intestinal helminth infection: effects on concurrent bacterial colitis. The Journal of Immunology. 2007. 179:4721-4731. PMCID: PMC3208515

6. Lynne Harrington, Chittur V. Srikanth, Reuben Antony, Sue J. Rhee, Andrew L. Mellor, Hai Ning Shi, and Bobby J. Cherayil. Deficiency of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Enhances Commensal-Induced Antibody Responses and Protects against Citrobacter rodentium-Induced Colitis. Infection and Immunity. 2008. Vol. 76: 3045-3053. PMCID: PMC244672

7. Yasuyo Shimomura, Atsuhiro Ogawa, Mayumi Kawada, Ken Sugimoto, Emiko Mizoguchi, Hai-Ning Shi, Shiv Pillai, Atul K. Bhan, and Atsushi Mizoguchi. 2008. A unique B2 B cell subset in the intestine. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 205, No. 6, 1343-1355. PMCID: PMC2413032

8. Lijian Wang, Erin E. Johnson, Hai Ning Shi, W. Allan Walker, Marianne Wessling-Resnick, Bobby J. Cherayil. Attenuated inflammatory responses in hemochromatosis reveal a role for iron in the regulation of macrophage cytokine translation. The Journal of Immunology. 2008. 181 (4) 2723-2731. PMCID: PMC2561261

9. Michael Pazos, Dario Siccardi, Karen L. Mumy, Jeffrey D. Bien, Steve Louie, Hai Ning Shi, Karsten Gronert, Randall J. Mrsny, and Beth A. McCormick. Multi-Drug Resistance Transporter 2 Regulates Mucosal Inflammation by Facilitating the Synthesis of Hepoxilin A3. The Journal of Immunology. 2008. 181(11):8044-52. PMCID: PMC2596662

10. Lijian Wang, Yue Cao and Hai Ning Shi. Helminth infections and intestinal inflammation. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Sep 7;14(33):5125-32. PMCID: PMC2744001

11. Annaiah Cariappa, Hiromu Takematsu, Haoyuan Liu, Sandra Diaz, Khaleda Haider, Cristian Boboila, Geetika Kalloo, Michelle Connole, Hai Ning Shi, Nissi Varki, Ajit Varki, and Shiv Pillai. B cell antigen receptor signal strength and peripheral B cell development are regulated by a 9-O-acetyl sialic acid esterase. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2009.16;206(1):125-38

12. Chen CC, Chiu CH, Lin TY, Shi HN, Walker WA. Effect of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus on Citrobacter rodentium colitis: the role of dendritic cells. Pediatr Res. 2009 Feb;65(2):169-75

13. Wang L, Harrington L, Trebicka E, Shi HN, Kagan JC, Hong CC, Lin HY, Babitt JL, Cherayil BJ. Selective modulation of TLR4-activated inflammatory responses by altered iron homeostasis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2009. 119(11):3322-8. PMCID: PMC2769199

14. Conroy ME, Shi HN, Walker WA. The long-term health effects of neonatal microbial flora. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009, 9(3):197-201

15. C.V. Srikanth, Daniel M. Wall, Ana Maldonado-Contreras, Hai Ning Shi, Daoguo Zhou, Zachary Demma, Karen L. Mumy, and Beth A. McCormick. Salmonella pathogenesis and processing of secreted effectors by caspase-3. Science. 2010. 330(6002):390-3.

16. Kaplan JL, Shi HN, Walker WA. The role of microbes in developmental immunologic programming. Pediatric Research. 2011. 69(6):465-72.

17. Chien-Chang Chen, Wei-Chuan Lin, Man-Shan Kong, Hai Ning Shi, W. Allan Walker, Chun-Yen Lin, Ching-Tai Huang, Yung-Chang Lin, Shih-Ming Jung, Tzou-Yien Lin. Oral inoculation of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM suppresses tumor growth both in segmental orthotopic colon cancer and extraintestinal tissue. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011 Sep 30:1-12. PMID: 21992995

18. Chien-wen Su, Yue Cao, Jess Kaplan, Mei Zhang, Michelle Conroy, W Allan Walker, and Hai Ning Shi. Duodenal helminth infection alters barrier function of the colonic epithelium via adaptive immune activation. Infection and Immunity. 2011. June 79(6): 2285-94. PMC312585

19. Atsushi Nishida, Cindy W. Lau, Mei Zhang, Akira Andoh, Hai Ning Shi, Emiko Mizoguchi, and Atsushi Mizoguchi. The Membrane-Bound Mucin Muc1 Regulates Th17-Cell Responses and Colitis in Mice 
. 
Gastroenterology, 2012 142(4):865-874 PMID: 22202458.

20. Zhang Y, Xu Z, Wang H, Dong Y, Shi HN, Culley DJ, Crosby G, Marcantonio ER, Tanzi RE, Xie Z. Anesthetics isoflurane and desflurane differently affect mitochondrial function, learning, and memory. Ann Neurol. 2012 Jan 19. doi: 10.1002/ana.23536. PMID: 22368036.

21. Foye OT, Huang IF, Chiou CC, Allan Walker W, Shi HN. Early Administration of Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and/or Prebiotic Inulin Attenuates Pathogen-mediated Intestinal Inflammation and Smad 7 Cell Signaling. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2012 65(3):467-80. PMID: 22524476

22. Chien-wen Su1, Yue Cao1, Mei Zhang, Jess Kaplan, Libo Su, Ying Fu, W. Allan Walker, Ramnik Xavier, Bobby J. Cherayil and Hai Ning Shi (1 These authors contributed equally to this work). Helminth infection impairs autophagy-mediated killing of bacterial enteropathogens by macrophages. The Journal of Immunology. 2012, 189(3):1459-66. PMID: 22732589

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W. Allan Walker, MD

ORIGINAL REPORTS

1.         Grave GD, Nelson SA, Walker WA, Moss RL, Dvorak B, Hamilton FA, Higgins R, Raju TNK.  New therapies and preventive approaches for necrotizing enterocolitis:  Report of a research planning workshop.  Pediatr Res 2007; 62:510-514.

2.         Broekaert I, Nanthaumar NN, Walker WA.  Secreted probiotic factors ameliorate enteropathogenic infection in zinc-deficient human Caco-2 and T84 cell lines.  Ped Res 2007; 62:139-144.

3.         Weng M, Huntley D, Huang I-F, Foye-Jackson O, Wang L, Sarkissian A, Zhou Q, Walker WA, Cherayil B, Shi HN.  Alternatively activated macrophages in intestinal helminth infection:  Effects on concurrent bacterial colitis.  J Immunol 2007; 179:4721-4731.

4.         Meng D, Newburg DS, Young C, Baker A, Tonokonogy SL, Sartor RB, Walker WA, Nanthakumar N.  Bacterial symbionts induce a FUT2-dependent fucosylated niche on colonic epithelium via ERK and JNK signaling.  Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G780-G-787.

5.          Weng M, Walker WA, Sanderson IR.  Butyrate regulates the expression of pathogen-triggered IL-8 in intestinal epithelia.  Ped Res 2007; 62:542-546.

6.         Shi HN, Walker WA.  The role of TIM-3 in food allergy.  Gastroenterology 2007; 133:1723-1726.

7.         Wang L, Johnson EE, Shi HN, Walker WA, Wessing-Resnick M, Cherayil B. Attenuated inflammatory responses in hemochromatosis reveal a role for iron in the regulation of macrophage cytokine translation.  J Immunol 2008;  181:2723-2731.  PMID:  18684963

8.         Lu, L, Bao Y, Khan A, Goldstein AM, Newburg DS, Quaroni A, Brown D, Walker WA. Hydrocortisone modulates cholera toxin endocytosis by regulating immature enterocyte plasma membrane phospholipids.  Gastroenterology 2008; 135:185-193.   PMID:  18456000

9.         Chen C-C, C C-H, Lin T-Y, Shi H, Walker WA.  Effect of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus on Citrobacter rodentium colitis:  The role of dendritic cells.  Pediatr Res 2009, 65:169-175.  PMID:  19262293

10.       Lu L, Khan A, Walker WA.  ADP-ribosylation factors regulate the development of CT-signaling in immature human enterocytes.  AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2009; 296(6):G1221-G1229.  PMID:  19359423

11.       Rautava S, Nanthakumar NN, Dubert-Ferrandon, Lu L, Rautava J, Walker WA.  Breast milk transforming growth factor-β2 specifically attenuates IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses in the immature human intestine via a SMAD6 and ERK-dependent mechanism.  Neonatology 2010; 99:192-201.  PMID: 20881435

12.       Lu L, Li T, William G, Petit E, Walker WA.  Hydrocortisone induces changes in gene expression and differentiation in immature human enterocytes.  Am J Phys- Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiol 2011; 300:G425-G432.

13.       Nanthakumar N, Meng D, Goldstein AM, Zhu W, Lu K, Uauy R, Llano A, Claud EC, Walker WA.  The mechanism of excessive intestinal inflammation in necrotizing enterocolitis:  An immature innate immune response.  Plos One 20ll; 6:(3):E17776.doi:10.1371/journal.one.001766.

14.       Su C, Cao Y, Kaplan J, Zhang M, Conroy M, Walker WA, Shi H.  Duodenla helminth infection alters barrier function of the colonic epithelium via adaptive immune activation.  Infec Immun 2011; 79(6):2285-2294.

15.       Chen CC, Lin WC, Kong MS, Shi HN, Walker WA, Lin CY, Huang CT, Lin YC, Jung SM, Lin TY. Oral inoculation of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM suppresses tumour growth both in segmental orthotopic colon cancer and extra-intestinal tissue. Br J Nutr. 2011 Sep 30:1-12.

16.       Rautava S, Lu L, Nanthakumar NN, Dubert-Ferrandon A, Walker WA. TGF-β2 induces maturation of immature human intestinal epithelial cells and inhibits inflammatory cytokine response induced via NF-κB pathway.  J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012; 54(5):630-638.

17.      Cahill CM, Walker WA.  The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in intestinal inflammation.  J Signal Transduction, vol. 2012, Article ID 358476, 13 pages, 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/358476.

18.       Foye O, Huang I-F, Chiou, C, Walker WA, Shi HN.  Early administration of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and/or probiotic inulin attenuates pathogen-mediated intestinal inflammation and Smad 7 cell signaling.  FEMS Immunol & Med Microbiol. 2012;  Article first published online: 25 MAY 2012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2012.00978.x

19.       Ganguli K, Meng D, Rautava S, Lu L, Walker WA*, Nanthakumar N*.  Probiotics prevent necrotizing enterocolitis by modulating enterocyte genes that regulate innate immune-mediated inflammation.  Am J Phys: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2012 (in press). (*shared senior authorship)

20.       Meng D, Zhu W, Walker WA*, Nanthakumar N*.  Colonizing gram negative bacteria achieve colonic fucosylation via activation of novel fucosylated TLR-4:  A mechanism for colonization resistance.  Plos One 2012 (under review).  (*shared senior authorship)

PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS

1          Walker, WA.  Mechanisms of action of probiotics.  Clin Infec Dis 2008; 46:S87-S91.  PMID:  18196954

2.         Dubert-Ferrandon A, Newburg DS, Walker WA.  Immune functions and mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract.  In:  Handbook of Prebiotics.  Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB (eds) CRC Press.  pp. 115-141, 2008.

3.         Claud EC, Walker WA.  Bacterial colonization, probiotics and necrotizing enterocolitis.   In:  J Clin Gastro 2008; 42:S46-S52.  PMID:  18520617

4.         Conroy ME, Walker WA.  Intestinal immune health.  Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series Pediatric Program 2008; vol. 62, p. 107-121 “Personalized Nutrition for the Diverse Needs of Infants and Children”.   PMID:  18626196

5.         Vassallo M, Walker WA.  Neonatal microbail flora and disease outcome.  Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatric Program 2008; 61:211-224.   PMID:  18196954

6.         Ruemmele FM, Bier D, Marteau P, Rechkemmer G, Bourdet-Sicard R, Walker WA, Goulet O.  Clinical evidence for immunomodulatory effect on probiotic bacteria.  J Pediatr Gastro Nutr 2009; 48:126-141.  PMID:  19179874

7.         Rautava S, Walker WA.  Probiotics 101.  In:  Probiotics in Pediatric Medicine.    Michail S, Sherman P (eds) Humana Press 2009; pp 41-52.

8.        Sherman PM, Cabana M, Gibson G, Koletzko BV, Neu J, Veereman-Wauters G, Ziegler EE, Walker WA.  Potential roles and clinical utility of prebiotics in newborns, infants, and children:  Proceeding from a Global Summit meeting in New York City, June 27-28, 2008. J Pediatrics 2009; 155:S61-S70.  PMID: 19840609 

9.        Walker WA.  Functional proteins in human milk:  Role of infant health and development.   J Pedaitr 2010; 156(2)Suppl 1:  S1-S2.  PMID: 20105658

10.      Walker WA. Breast milk as the gold standard for protective nutrients.  J Pedaitr 2010; 156(2)Suppl 1:  S3-S7.  PMID:  20105662

REVIEWS

1.         Sanderson IR, Walker WA.  The role of TLRs/Nods in intestinal development and homeostasis.  Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 292:G6-G10.

2.         Martin CR, Walker WA.  Intestinal immune defences and the inflammatory response in necrotizing enterocolitis.  Seminar in Fetal & Neonatal Med 2007; 11:369-377.

3.         Newburg DS, Walker WA.  Protection of the neonate by the immune system of developing gut and of human milk.  Ped Res 2007; 61:2-8.

4.         Walker WA.  Immunology:  editorial overview. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2007; 23(6): 644-646.

5.         Rautava S, Walker WA.  Commensal bacteria and epithelial cross talk in the developing intestine.  Current Gastroenterology Reports 2007; 9:385-393.

6.         Martin CR, Walker WA.  Probiotics:  Role in pathophysiology and prevention in necrotizing enterocolitis.   Seminar in Perinatology 2008; 32:127-137.  PMID:  18346537

7.         Claud EC, Walker WA.  The intestinal microbiota and the microbiome.  In Gastroenterology:  Neonatology Questions and controversies.  Ed.  Josef Neu, Richard Polin.  Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.  2008, pp.73-92.

8.         Walker WA.  Immunology:  editorial overview. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2008; 24(6): 698-700.  PMID:  19122518

9.         Dubert-Ferrandon A, Newburg D, Walker WA.  Part I – Prebiotics: New medicines for the colon.  Nutr Today 2008; 43(6):245-249.

10.       Dubert-Ferrandon A, Newburg D, Walker WA.  Part II– Prebiotics:  Health benefits for the colon.  Nutr Today 2008 2008; 44(2):85-91.

11.       Rautava S, Walker WA.  Breatfeeding – An extrauterine link between mother and child.  Breastfeeding Medicine 2009; 4(1):3-10.  PMID:  19292608;
PMCID:  PMC2932545

12.       Conroy ME, Shi HN, Walker WA.  The long-term health effects of neonatal microbial flora.  Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 9:197-201.  PMID:  19398905

13.       Floch MH, Walker WA, Guandalini S, et al.   Recommendation for probiotics use - 2008.  J Clin Gastroenterol 2008; 42(Suppl 2):S104-S108.  PMID:  18542033

14.       Walker WA.  Bacterial colonization, probiotics and the development of intestinal host defense.   Functional Food Reviews vol. 1(1), Spring 2009; 13-19.

15.       Walker WA.  Immunology:  editorial overview. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2009; 25(6): 491-495.

16.       Walker WA, Sherman P, Shneider BL, Cohen, M, Barnard J.  State of research in pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition:  2010 and beyond. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:411-416.  PMID:  20025876

17.       Gareau MG Sherman PM, Walker WA.  Probiotics and the gut microbiota in intestinal health and disease.  Nature Rev: Gastroenterol & Hepatol 2010; 7:503-514.  PMID: 20664519

18.       Szajewska H, Guandalini S, Morelli L, Van Goudoever JB, Walker WA.  Effect of Bifidobacterium aimalis supsp lactis Supplementation in preterm infants: A systematic review of randoizedcontrolled tirals.  J Pediatr Gastro Nutr 2010; 51(2):203-209. PMID:  20543719

19.       Walker WA.  50 years ago in the Journal of Pediatrics – (Diseases of nutrition deficiency of children in South India – A review of some salient conditions (Gopalan C., J. Pediatr 1960; 57:89-100).  J Pediatr 2010; 157:126.

20.       Walker WA.  Immunology:  editorial overview. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2010; 26(6)543-546.

21.       Claud EC, Walker WA.  Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.  In:  Probiotics:  A Clinical Guide (eds) Floch M, Kim AS. Slack Inc. 2010; Chapter 12, pp. 181-194.

22.       Neu J, Walker WA.  Necrotizing enterocolitis.  N Engl J Med 2011; 364:255-264

23.       Kaplan JL, Shi H, Walker WA.  The role of microbes in developmental immunologic programming: Convergence of the Barker and Hygiene Hygiene Hypotheses.   Pediatr Res 2011, 9(6):465-472.

24.       Chen CC, Walker WA.  Clinical applicatins of probiotics in gastrointestinal disorders in children.  Natl Med J India 2011; 24(3):21-27.

25.       Walker WA.  Immunology:  editorial overview. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2010; 27(6):543-536.

26.       Forchielli L, Walker WA.  Omega-3-fatty acids:  Impact on cognitive development and inflammation.  Nutrition Today 2011; 46(5):224-233.

27.       Walker WA.  Immunology:  editorial overview. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2011; 27(6):493-495

28.       Martin CR, Walker WA.  Innate and mucosal immunity in the developing GI tract:  Relationship to early and later disease.  In:  Gleason & Devaskar:  Avery’s Diseases of the Newborn (9th ed). Elsevier/Saunders 2011; pp. 994-1006.

29.       Ganguli K, Walker WA.  Probiotics in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Clin Gastroenterology 2011; 45:S133-S138.

30.       Kaplan JL, Walker WA.  Early gut colonization and subsequent obesity risk.  Curr Opin Clin Nutr 2012; 15:278-284.

31.       Martin CR, Caicedo RA, Walker WA.  Development of intestinal mucosal barrier.  In:  Gastroenterology and Nutrition:  Neonatology Questions and Controversies, Ed. J. Neu, Elsevier/Saunders 2012, pp 39-58.

32.       Heintz K, Walker WA.  Protective nutrients:  Are they here to stay? Nutrition Today 2012, 47:110-122.

33.       Iyengar SR, Walker WA.   Immune factors in breast milk and the development of
atopic disease. J Pediatr Gastroentl Nutr 2012) DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0013e3182617.a9d.

34.       Ganguli K, Walker WA.  Treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis with probiotics.  In:  Gastroenterology Clinics.  2002 in press).

35.       Weng M, Walker WA.  The role of gut microbiota in programming the immune phenotype.  J Developmental Origin of Health and Disease

BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS

1.         Nutrition In Pediatrics ‑ Basic Science and Clinical Aspects (4th Edition). BC Decker Publisher Inc., 2008 eds. Duggan C, Watkins J, Walker WA,

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