1. Understand how to decide that a child is normal or has a pathological orthopedic condition.       

a. Distinguish normal variations in foot, knee, and leg development; b. Recognize when a child's orthopedic dysfunction (e.g., a limp) is a temporary state caused by some minor problem or represents a significant pathological process.

2. Understand how to diagnose and manage children's orthopedic problems which generally do not require referral.

1. Calcaneal apophysitis; 2. Clavicular fracture ; 3. Dislocated radial head; 4. Femoral anteversion and retroversion; 5. Flat feet; 6. Internal and external tibial torsion; 7. Low back strain; 8. Metatarsus adductus; 9. Muscle strains ; 10. Non-displaced finger and toe fractures; 11. Osgood-Schlatter's; 12. Overuse syndromes; 13. Patellofemoral syndrome; 14. Simple joint sprains

3. Understand how to recognize, manage, and refer children's orthopedic problems which generally require referral:

1. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head; 2. Cervical spine injury; 3. Compartment syndromes; 4. Congenital club foot ; 5. Fractures and dislocations ; 6. Knee ligament and meniscal tears; 7. Osteochondritis dissecans ; 8. Scoliosis with more than a 20° curve; 9. Septic joint ; 10. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis; 11. Spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis

4. Understand how to provide coordinated care for common chronic conditions requiring coordination and case management with orthopedics:

1. Cerebral palsy; 2. Spina bifida; 3. Amputation.

5. Understand the pediatrician's role in the evaluation and treatment of sports-related issues in children and adolescents.

Perform an appropriate pre-participation sports physical exam and counsel patients regarding appropriate athletic events, first aid treatment of injuries, and preventive strategies; b. Demonstrate knowledge of the basics of pediatric exercise physiology, and aerobic, anaerobic, strength, and flexibility training; c. Define sideline and office criteria for return to play after injuries; d. Demonstrate the ability to provide evaluation and stabilization of sports injuries at the scene; e. Demonstrate knowledge about anabolic steroids and counsel patients about the abuse of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs; f. Recognize and treat appropriate heat-related illness and dehydration associated with sports participation.

6. Understand the pediatrician's role in preventing orthopedic disorders:

Screen for developmental dysplasia of the hip. b. Discuss strategies and limitations related to scoliosis screening in the school versus the office setting.